-What each of the organisms has in common is hemoglobin. It transports oxygen. Oxygen binds into hemoglobin. Also, each of the organisms have a pharynx. This is the passageway for air flow. As well as the trachea, which is a catilaginous tube or 'wind pipe'.
The earthworm's respiratory system evolved first because it is the most simplest.
-The earthworm has a permable skin, which was mentioned before. It allows gases to exchange. Specifically, oxygen. In many other things, we use lungs or gills.
-The oxygen that gets passed through is then mixed with slime.
-A disadvantage to breathing through your skin is that if you encounter water, you will suffocate.
-The worm has a lot of surface area for gas exchange. This is because it only uses its skin, not like the frog, which has a smaller surface area in its lungs because it can use its skin, too.
The crayfish's respiratory system evolved next.
-As shown in the picture, the gills are located between the body wall, and carapce, and are attached to the legs to allow breathing as it walks.
-The crayfish has this pocket-like thing that holds water. This is needed to hold water as it comes on land.
-We can tell that the crayfish evolved after the worm because it can go on water, and land, and the crayfish has a more complex system of getting oxygen.
-As you can see, the gills have an arch structure. This is because this creates more surface area. A bigger suface area means more oxygen. Who wouldn't love that?
-An advantage to having both a water sack, and gills is that it allows you to be in water, and land. You can escape from prey easier.
The frog's respiratory system is next.
-A frog has both lungs, and permable skin.
-We can tell that a frog is more recently evolved than a crayfish because as a tadpole, it has gills. As it becomes a frog, it develops lungs, and permable skin.
-Respiration in the lungs is called pulmonary respiration.
-The reason the frog has both repiration through the skin, or cutaneous repiration, and pulmonary respiration is because its lung capacity is small.
-Some advantages to the frog's respiratory system is that it has small lungs, compared to ours because it can also use its back-up, its skin, to breathe.
-A disadvantage to this is that it needs to be picky about what can get into the skin, and what it can't. With lungs, you can hold you breath to not let anything in, but with skin, anything can get in.
Rat and human respiratory system are quite similar.
-We use our lungs to breathe.
-Air begins at the mouth, and nose. Once it makes it to the nasal cavity, mucous membranes help filter, and moisturize the air. This prevents damage to tissues.
-Then, the now moistured air moves to the pharynx, then to the trachea. The upper part of the pharynx is the larynx, and then the trachea branches off into two bronchi, which lead to the lung.
-Exchange of gases occurs in the alveoli. They have a thin skin which is mocousy and wet. This is similar to a worm's skin. There are lots of alveoli, because this allows more surface area. The more surface area, the more oxygen.
-The lungs full capacity is about 70 m squared. This is huge compared to the frog. This is because we don't use another form of breathing also, just lungs.
-The ribs and diaphgram allow movement in the lungs.
-In humans, blood is mixed with oxygen, and the blood sends carbon dioxide to our body.
-A disadvantage to having lungs would be its maintenence. Anything toxic can damage our lungs right away. This can cause death if we breathe in something bad.
-An advantage would be the lungs' large capacity of oxygen. Like I said before, who wouldn't want more oxygen? The more the better, because you get more energy from cellular respiration.
Cellular repiration; its needed to breathe.
C6H12O6 + O2 ---> H2O + CO2 + 36ATP-Needed is glucose, and oxygen, which turns into water, carbon dioxide, and energy. Every living thing performs this.
-Without cellular respiration, we would not have ATP (energy), which can help cells perform all of the things they do. It gives us the energy to do everything.
-When we breathe, we supply the oxygen which is needed for cellular respiration.
You can relate the surface area of the worm, to the surface area of the gills in a crayfish.
ReplyDeleteAdvantages and disadvantages of the frog's respiration?
Again, you can talk about surface area in relation with human, rat, worm, and crayfish. That would be a good link.
You need to talk a little more about how respiration relates to cellular respiration, rather than just throwing the equation in without explanation.